The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction in Contemporary International Law

Normative Basis, Jurisdictional Practice and Clash with Hereditary Immunities

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/2618303Xe084

Keywords:

human rights, transnational justice , international crimes, state sovereignty

Abstract

Human rights, enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration, are prerogatives inherent to all human beings that transcend national legal systems. Universal jurisdiction emerges as a tool to fight impunity in cases of serious human rights violations, allowing States to initiate criminal proceedings regardless of the location of the crime or the nationality of the accused. This article explores the need for this principle in light of the inadequacy shown by local judicial systems in cases of serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The aim is to analyze its practical application, limitations, and potential as a legal tool to guarantee justice in international contexts. Through the study of such cases as those involving Pinochet, Kumar Lama, and Bai L., as well as through research into Colombia and Venezuela, we can identify how universal jurisdiction allows us to overcome the barriers of state sovereignty and offer effective protection avenues. We also examine its interaction with the immunity enjoyed by heads of state, highlighting the challenges this implies. The expected results include a greater understanding of the relevance of this principle in the protection of human rights and its strengthening as a legal standard in Latin America, promoting a regional strategy to fight impunity and guarantee the observance of fundamental rights.

Full-text of the article is available for this locale: Spanish.

Author Biography

  • Juan Manuel Rosas Caro, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú

    Egresado de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Coautor de los libros “Derecho internacional y su implementación en América Latina” y "La convergencia entre el derecho internacional privado y el derecho internacional público". Miembro Principal del Taller de Ciencias Penales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Ganador del Premio Darío Herrera Paulsen 2023. Segundo puesto en la categoría de ensayo de las Olimpiadas Jurídicas XI (2024) organizadas por la Universidad del Atlántico (Colombia).

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Published

2025-12-11

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Articles

How to Cite

Rosas Caro, J. M. (2025). The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction in Contemporary International Law: Normative Basis, Jurisdictional Practice and Clash with Hereditary Immunities. Revista Electrónica de Derecho Internacional Contemporáneo, 8(8), e084. https://doi.org/10.24215/2618303Xe084