Business in Colombian trade negotiations: two-level games in the G-3 and the pacific alliance

Abstract

This comparative analysis of business participation in the negotiation of the Group of Three Free Trade Agreement (G-3, 1994) and the Pacific Alliance (PA, 2012) aims at assessing the validity of Robert Putnam´s two-level game when applied to international negotiations between developing nations. Economic policy changes locked in by the treaties, as well as actors´ preferences and positions, are explored in the first two sections. The third one compares business participation in the study cases, discusses Putnam´s approach, and establishes the need to make adjustments in different aspects of the two-level game.