The experimental method in Biological Anthropology. History and current status in Argentina
Abstract
Experimental methods in Anthropology are not different from those of other sciences. They are used to simulate previously observed natural events under controlled conditions, in order to study their causes and effects. Given that humans are immersed in a biological, physical and socio-cultural environment, establishing differentiation patterns proves more difficult because of the multiplicity of factors involved and their probable interactions. In this context, it became necessary to incorporate the experimental method in anthropological studies. In our study we review the past and present of the experimental method in Biological Anthropology, namely, the pioneering work of Sherwood Washburn and Samuel Detwiler, in amphibians, and that of Melvin Moss, in rats, to study cranial growth. In Argentina, Héctor Pucciarelli is recognized as the first to introduce this methodology in bioanthropological studies in the seventies. He also consolidated a work group and developed different lines of research still in progress today.
Keywords: biological anthropology; experimental method; Argentina
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References
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Cesani MF, Oyhenart EE, Pucciarelli HM. 2014. Effect of intergenerational chronic undernutrition on ponderal, and linear growth. ISRN Nutr. doi: 10.1155/2014/453460
Churchill SE, Schmitt D. 2003. Biomechanics in paleoanthropology: engineering and experimental approaches to the investigation of behavioral evolution in the genus Homo. En: Harcourt C, Crompton R, editores. New perspectives in Primate evolution and behavior. London: Linnaean Society. p. 59-90.
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Cónsole GM, Oyhenart EE, Jurado SB, Riccillo FL, Pucciarelli HM, Gómez Dumm CL. 2001b. Effect of undernutrition on cranial components and somatotrophlactotroph pituitary populations in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus boliviensis). Cells Tissues Organs 168:272-284. doi:10.1159/000047844
Dahinten SL. 1988. Influencia de la malnutrición proteínicocalórica en ratas, sobre la diferenciación del fenotipo craneano. Tesis Doctoral Inédita. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Dahinten SL, Pucciarelli HM. 1981. Effect of age, sex and nutrition on discontinuous traits of rat skull. Acta Anat 110:159-163. doi:10.1159/000145425
Dahinten SL, Pucciarelli HM. 1983. Effects of protein calorie malnutrition during suckling and post-weaning periods on discontinuous cranial traits in rats. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:425-430. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600403
Dahinten SL, Pucciarelli HM. 1986. Variations in sexual dimorphism in the skulls of rats subjected to malnutrition, castration, and treatment with gonadal hormones. Am J Phys Anthropol 71:63-67. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330710108
Dahinten SL, Pucciarelli HM, Moreno FR. 1988. Effect of gonadal activity on cranial dimorphism of the rat. Acta Anat 132:324-326. doi:10.1159/000146596
Dressino V. 1991. Desarrollo craneofacial en Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae) y su alteración por factores nutricionales. Tesis Doctoral Inédita. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Dressino V, Pucciarelli HM. 1996. Efecto nutricional sobre el crecimiento craniofacial de Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae). Un estudio experimental. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 1:98-112.
Dressino V, Pucciarelli HM. 1997. Cranial growth in Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae) and its alteration by nutritional factors: a longitudinal study. Am J Phys Anthropol 102:545-554. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199704)102:4<545::aid-ajpa8>3.0.co;2-q
Dressino V, Pucciarelli HM. 1999. Growth of functional cranial components in Saimiri sciureus boliviensis (Cebidae). A longitudinal study. Growth Dev Aging 63:111-127.
Dressino V, Orden B, Oyhenart EE. 2002. Sexual responses to intrauterine stress: body and brain growth. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 29:100-102.
Elftman H, Manter J. 1935. Chimpanzee and human feet in bipedal walking. Am J Phys Anthropol 20:69-79. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330200109
Fleagle JG. 1979. Primate positional behavior and anatomy: naturalistic and experimental approaches. En: Morbeck ME, Preuschoft H, Gomberg N, editores. Environment, behavior, and morphology: dynamic interactions in Primates. New York: Gustav Fischer. p. 313-326.
Garn SM. 1962. The newer physical anthropology. Am Anthropol 64:917-918. doi:10.1525/aa.1962.64.5.02a00010
Garn SM. 1963. Physical anthropology today. Am J Phys Anthropol 21:225-226. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330210214
Gonzalez PN, Hallgrímsson B, Oyhenart E. 2011a. Developmental plasticity in the covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress. J Anat 218:243-257. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01326.x
Gonzalez PN, Oyhenart EE, Hallgrímsson B. 2011b. Effects of environmental perturbations during postnatal development on the phenotypic integration of the skull. J Exp Zool Mol Dev Evol 314: 547-561. doi:10.1002/jez.b.21430
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2016-03-14
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Oyhenart, E. E., & Cesani, M. F. (2016). The experimental method in Biological Anthropology. History and current status in Argentina. Revista Argentina De Antropología Biológica, 18(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/2224
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