Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement in Ecuadorian MSMEs

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/23143738e116

Keywords:

emotional intelligence, work engagement, employees

Abstract

In the current literature, academics and researchers pronounce the business need for an organizational climate in which a close relationship prevails between the objectives of both companies and employees, based on the use of technology and communication networks to create and maintain an environment in which the emotions and commitment of the members converge through their interpersonal relationships. That is why this research establishes a link between these constructs in order to determine the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Labor Commitment in MSMEs in Ecuador. With the application of the methodology, under a positivist, descriptive approach, with an explanatory scope and a correlational level; The study was carried out in the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) of the 24 provinces of Ecuador. With a sample of 300 employees of the selected companies, the scales were applied to evaluate the behavior of the variables. The results revealed that there is a directly proportional relationship between the constructs evaluated, indicating that the higher the level of emotional intelligence, the greater the degree of work engagement. The findings allowed us to infer that the better the awareness and regulation of emotions, the employees will experience greater commitment in business tasks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Santiago Marlon Leal Paredes, Facultad de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología. Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador.

Magister en Dirección de Proyectos, Magister en Dirección Estratégica con enfoque en Marketing, Maestrante en Docencia para la Educación Superior, Doctor en Administración Estratégica de Empresas por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Profesor e Investigador de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador.    

References

Acosta, H., Torrente, P., Llorens, S. y Salanova, M. (2013). Prácticas organizacionales saludables: Un análisis exploratorio de su impacto relativo sobre el engagement con el trabajo. Revista Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(1), 107-120.

Apaza, P. y Flores, G. (2019). Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en ciencias sociales de los estudiantes del tercer año de educación secundaria de la institución educativa. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Peruana Unión. https://repositorio.upeu.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12840/4117

Bakker, A. y Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4-11.

Bakker, A., Demerouti, E. y Sanz-Vergel, A. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD–R Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389–411.

Bakker, A., Demerouti, E. y Xanthopoulou, D. (2011). ¿Cómo los Empleados Mantienen su Engagement en el Trabajo? Ciencia & Trabajo, 13(41), 135-142.

Barreiro, C. A. y Treglown, L. (2020). What makes an engaged employee? A facet-level approach to trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of employee engagement. Personality and Individual Differences, 159, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109892

Bedi, M. y Bedi, K. (2017). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: an empirical study among managers in Indian banking sector. Amity Global Business Review, 12, 116-122.

Benavides-Pereira, A., Camargo, D. y Porto, C. (2009). Introducción a la primera versión en español UWES. Valencia. España

Burić, I. y Macuka, I. (2017). Self-Efficacy, emotions and work engagement among teachers: A two wave cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19, 1917–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9903-9

Butakor, P. K., Guo, Q. y Adebanji, A. O. (2020). Using structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between Ghanaian teachers' emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, professional identity, and work engagement. Psychology in the Schools, 58(3), 534–552. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22462

Carrasco, A., Corte, C. y León, R. (2010). Engagement un recurso para optimizar la salud psicosocial en las organizaciones y prevenir el estrés laboral. Revista Digital de Prevención, 1, 1-22.

Cesário, F. y Chambel, M. J. (2017). Linking Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement to Employee Performance. Knowledge and Process Management, 24(2), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1542

Chen, Z. J., Zhang, X. y Vogel, D. (2011). Exploring the Underlying Processes Between Conflict and Knowledge Sharing: A Work-Engagement Perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(5), 1005–1033. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00745.x

Cherniss, C. y Goleman D. (2013). Inteligencia Emocional en el Trabajo. Cómo seleccionar y mejorar la inteligencia emocional en individuos, grupos y organizaciones. Editorial Kairos.

Davis, K. y Newstrom, J. (2001). Comportamiento Humano en el Trabajo. McGraw-Hill.

Drigas, A. y Papoutsi, C. (2019). Emotional intelligence as an important asset for HR in organizations: leaders and employees. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 12(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i1.9637

Fernández-Berrocal, P., Extremera, N. y Ramos, N. (2004). Validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychological Reports, 94(3), 751–755. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.751-755

Field, L. K. y Buitendach, J. H. (2011). Happiness, work engagement and organisational commitment of support staff at a tertiary education institution in South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37, 68–77.

Galvis, R. V. (2007). El proceso creativo y la formación del docente. Laurus, 13(23), 82-98.

Gardner, J. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books.

Geldenhuys, M., Łaba, K. y Venter, C. M. (2014). Meaningful work, work engagement and organisational commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v40i1.1098

George, O. J., Okon, S. E. y Akaighe, G. (2021). Emotional intelligence and work engagement: a serial mediation model. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 9(2), 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-02-2021-0025

Goleman, D. (2003). What makes a leader. En R. W. Allen y L. W. Porter (Eds.), Organisational Influence Processes (pp. 229-241). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315290614

Hakanen, J. J., Perhoniemi, R. y Toppinen-Tanner, S. (2008). Positive gain spirals at work: From job resources to work engagement, personal initiative, and work-unit innovativeness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 78–91.

Hernández, R., Fernández, C. y Baptista, M. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Hong, Y., Catano, V. M. y Liao, H. (2011). Leader emergence: the role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership and Organisation Development Journal, 32(4), 320-343, https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111134625

Hur, Y., Van Den Berg, P. T. y Wilderom, C. P. (2011). Transformational leadership as a mediator between emotional intelligence and team outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), 591-603, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.002

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos – INEC. (2018). Boletín, los resultados del Directorio de Empresas y Establecimientos (DIEE) correspondiente al periodo 2018. Quito, Ecuador.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692– 724.

Kahn, W. (1992). To Be Fully There: Psychological Presence at Work. Human Relations, 45(4), 321-349.

Kalaiarasi, V., Amaravathi, M. y Soniya, T. (2014). Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Performance. Journal of Exclusive Management Science, 3(12), 1-9.

Kline, R. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (8ª ed.). Guilford Press.

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46(8), 819-834. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.46.8.819

Leal, P. M. S. y Arias, I. B. P. (2021). Liderazgo ético para el fortalecimiento de una cultura organizacional en las Pymes. Podium, (40), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.31095/podium.2021.40.2

Leal, P. M. S., Salomón, J. y Rivera, C. J. (2021). Impact of Authentic Leadership on Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Meditation Role of Motivation for Work. International Journal of Economics & Business Administration, 9(3), 3-31. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/716

Levitats, Z. y Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2020). Emotionally engaged civil servants: toward a multilevel theory and multisource analysis in public administration. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 40(3), 426-446. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X18820938

Li, M., Pérez-Díaz, P. A., Mao, Y. y Petrides, K.V. (2018). A multilevel model of teachers’ job performance: understanding the effects of trait emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational trust”. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(2420), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02420

Liébana, C., Fernández, M., Bermejo, J., Carabias, M., Rodríguez, M. y Villacieros, M. (2012). Inteligencia emocional y vínculo laboral en trabajadores del Centro San Camilo. Gerokomos, 23(2), 63–68. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2012000200004

Mahanta, M. (2015). Exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence and work-life balance in the Service Industry. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 42-60.

Martin, A. y Roodt, G. (2008). Perceptions of organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions in a post-merger tertiary institution. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(1), 23-31.

Maslach, C. y Leiter, M. (1997). The Truth about Burnout. Jossey-Bass.

Maunno, S., Kinnunen, U. y Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 70(1), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.09.002

Mayer, J. D., DiPaolo, M. y Salovey, P. (1990). Perceiving Affective Content in Ambiguous Visual Stimuli: A Component of Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54(3-4), 772–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674037

Mayer, J. D., Roberts, R. D. y Barsade, S. G. (2008). Human Abilities: Emotional Intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 507–536. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093646

Mayer, J. D. y Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? En P. Salovey y D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3-31). Basic Books.

Meyer, J. P. y Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z

Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. y Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538

Miao, C., Humphrey, R.H. y Qian, S. (2016). Leader emotional intelligence and subordinate job satisfaction: a meta-analysis of main, mediator, and moderator effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.056

Montoya, P. y Moreno, S (2012). Relación entre el síndrome de burnout, estrategias de afrontamiento y engagement. Psicología desde el Caribe, 29(1), 204-227.

Moron, M. y Biolik-Morón, M. (2021). Trait emotional intelligence and emotional experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Poland: a daily diary study. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110348

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. y Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organizational linkage: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. En P. Warr (Ed.), Organizational and occupational psychology (pp. 219–229). Academic Press, Inc.

Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. y Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 14, 224–247. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1

Muñoz-García, H. y Rodríguez-Gómez, R. (2004). La educación superior en el contexto actual de la sociedad mexicana. Cuadernos del Seminario de Educación Superior, 1, 1-24.

Naz, S., Li, C., Nisar, Q. A. y Rafiq, M. (2019). Linking emotional intelligence to knowledge sharing behaviour: mediating role of job satisfaction and organisational Commitment. Middle East Journal of Management, 6(3), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.098598

O’Boyle, E. H. Jr, Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T.H. y Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788-818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714

Pekaar, K. A., van der Linden, D., Bakker, A. B. y Born, M. P. (2017). Emotional intelligence and job performance: the role of enactment and focus on others’ emotions. Human Performance, 30(2-3), 135-153, https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2017.1332630

Pérez-Juárez, J. y Pedraza-Nájar, X. (2021). Medición del work engagement y su relación con la comunicación, liderazgo y TIC en una empresa editorial mexicana. Signos, 11(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.15332/s2145-1389.2019.0001.02

Porter, L., Steers, R., Mowday, R. y Boulian, P. (1974). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335

Ramírez, A. y López, G. (2020). Percepción de la influencia de la inteligencia emocional en el desarrollo de las actividades propias del servicio al cliente, en empresas del sector de la ciudad de Pereira [Tesis de grado]. Universidad Católica de Pereira. http://hdl.handle.net/10785/7212

Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Acosta, H. y Torrente, P. (2013). Positive interventions in positive organizations. Terapia Psicológica, 31(1), 101–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082013000100010

Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W., Llorens, S., Peiro, J. M. y Grau, R. (2000). Desde el burnout al engagement: ¿Una nueva perspectiva? Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 16(2), 117-134.

Schaufeli, W. y Bakker, A. (2003). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.

Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A. y Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire. A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716.

Schaufeli, W. y Salanova, M. (2011). Work engagement: On how to better catch a slippery concept. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 39-46.

Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., González-Roma, V. y Bakker, A. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326

Schutte, N. S. y Loi, M.N. (2014). Connections between emotional intelligence and workplace flourishing. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.031

Suifan, T. S., Abdallah, A. B. y Sweis, R. J. (2015). The Effect of a Manager’s Emotional Intelligence on Employees’ Work Outcomes in the Insurance Industry in Jordan. International Business Research, 8(9), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n9p67

Taramuel, J. A. y Zapata, V. H. (2017). Aplicación del test TMMS-24 para el análisis y descripción de la Inteligencia Emocional considerando la influencia del sexo. Revista Publicando, 4(11, Fasc.1), 162-181.

Van Zyl, L. E., Deacon, E. y Rothmann, S. (2010). Towards happiness: Experience of work-role fit, meaningfulness, and work engagement of industrial/organisational psychologists in South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36, 1–10.

Villa, M. E. (2013). La inteligencia emocional aplicada en las organizaciones. Questionar: Investigación Específica, 1(1), 83-91.

Weinzimmer, L. G., Baumann, H. M., Gullifor, D. P. y Koubova, V. (2017). Emotional intelligence and job performance: the mediating role of work-family balance. Journal of Social Psychology, 157(3), 322-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2016.1208141

Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in organisations: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257334

Wong, C. S. y Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: an exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1

Published

2022-11-04

How to Cite

Leal Paredes, S. M. (2022). Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement in Ecuadorian MSMEs. Ciencias Administrativas, (21), 116. https://doi.org/10.24215/23143738e116

Issue

Section

Scientific Articles