Evaluación del aceite esencial de Pelargonium graveolens para prevenir la podredumbre morena en durazno
Palavras-chave:
Monilinia fructicola, poscosecha, Aceite Esencial, productos naturales, Prunus persicaResumo
Monilinia fructicola deteriora la calidad de frutos de carozo a campo y en poscosecha. El uso reiterado de productos químicos para controlar la enfermedad, generó resistencia en el patógeno y disminución de efectividad, aumentando la búsqueda de alternativas en las últimas décadas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir el aislamiento e identificación molecular del patógeno, la actividad fungicida in vitro y ex vivo del aceite esencial de geranio (AE Pelargonium graveolens) y su composición química. El AE obtenido por hidrodestilación mostró actividad fungicida in vitro, mediante metodología de volátiles, del 100% de inhibición del crecimiento fúngico a 1.000 ppm. Los ensayos ex vivo se realizaron en durazno cv ´Flordaking´, dosis de 1.000 ppm del AE de P. graveolens, agua destilada como control positivo y carbendazim como control negativo. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza de proporciones de frutos sanos y el tratamiento con AE arrojó valores intermedios entre ambos controles (p<0,05). El perfil químico del AE se determinó mediante GC-MS. Los principales compuestos y su porcentaje en la mezcla fueron: Geraniol (24,89%), Citronelol (19,50%), Linalool (10,92%) y γ-Eudesmol (8,93%). Los resultados alientan el posible uso del AE de geranio para el control de M. fructicola en poscosecha de duraznos.
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