Antropología biológica y neurociencias: los estudios del cerebro en el linaje humano
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https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e061Palabras clave:
bioantropología, biomedicina, neuroanatomía, variación biológica, teoría evolutivaResumen
El estudio de las propiedades estructurales y funcionales del cerebro en Homo sapiens, así como en otros primates no-humanos, constituye un tema fundante en la tradición de investigación de la antropología biológica. Sin embargo, el cuestionamiento temprano a la perspectiva tipológico-racial condujo al abandono de los análisis intraespecíficos, limitando fuertemente su integración a las neurociencias. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis histórico crítico de las investigaciones sobre el cerebro, enfatizando en las poblaciones humanas actuales, realizadas desde la antropología biológica y las neurociencias -particularmente en biomedicina-. Finalmente, se discuten líneas de diálogo que podrían fortalecer a ambas áreas. Se concluye que el corpus ontológico y teórico-metodológico empleado por la antropología biológica para la generación de conocimientos sobre los patrones de variación espaciotemporal en rasgos fenotípicos y genéticos, así como de los procesos evolutivos y factores ambientales que los modelaron resulta un aporte significativo para los estudios desarrollados por las neurociencias.
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