El error de observación y su influencia en los Análisis morfológicos de restos óseos humanos. Datos de variación continua
Abstract
RESUMEN: La utilizaci6n de métodos rnorfométricos se constituy6 a lo largo del siglo XX en una de las aproxirnaciones más ernpleadas en el carnpo de la antropología biológica. Junto con el gran desarrollo alcanzado por la rnisma se generalizó el ernpleo de bases de datos generadas por otros investigadores con fines cornparativos. Por este motivo se ha hecho necesario elaborar estrategias metodol6gicas que permitan evaluar e incrementar la precisi6n en las observaciones tomadas por uno o rn6s observadores. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el error intra e interobservador en el relevarniento de variables métricas craneofaciales y la influencia de estos en el análisis de relaciones biológicas poblacionales. Con esta finalidad se elabor6 un diseño experimental de bloques completos aleatorios con medidas repetidas. Se analizó una muestra de 20 cráneos procedentes del Valle de Rio Negro - 10 con deformaci6n pseudocircular y 10 con deformación planolámbdica-. Cuatro observadores registraron un conjunto de ocho variables métricas craneofaciales. Las observaciones fueron comparadas mediante pruebas estadísticas de correlación intraclase y ANOVA de medidas repetidas. A su vez, se efectuaron análisis multivariados con el fin de conocer las relaciones entre las muestras de cráneos deformados medidas por los diferentes observadores. Los resultados obtenidos indican que hubo un incremento en la consistencia de las observaciones efectuadas por cada observador, que el error interobservador fue mayor entre los observadores no entrenados y que las inconsistencias en las observaciones afectaron los resultados obtenidos en los análisis multivariados tendientes a conocer las relaciones entre las muestras. Rev. Arg. Antrop. Biol. 6(1): 61-75, 2004
ABSTRACT: The application of morphometric methods became one of the most frequently used approaches in the field of Biological Anthropology throughout the 20th century. Concurrently with this development, the use of databases generated by different researchers became widespread in comparative studies. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop methodological strategies that allow an evaluation of the observations made by one or more observers and increase their accuracy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the intra- and interobserver error in the scoring of craniofacial metric variables and its influence on the analysis of biological relationships between populations. For this purpose, an experimental design of random complete blocks with repetitions was applied. A sample of 20 skulls from Rio Negro Valley - 10 with pseudo-circular deformation and 10 with plane-lambdic deformation- was analyzed. Four observers recorded a set of eight craniofacial metric variables. The observations were statistically compared by means of intra class correlation tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Multivariate analyses were also performed to assess the relationships among the samples of deformed skulls measured by different observers. Our results indicate an increase in the consistency of the observations made by each observer, higher inter-observer error values among non-trained observers, and the influence of the inconsistencies among observations on the results of the multivariate analyses designed for the assessment of inter-sample relationships. Rev. Arg. Antrop. Biol. 6(1): 6 1-75. 2004.
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