Desarrollo prenatal del cráneo y el cerebro en un modelo de restricción del crecimiento en ratones / Prenatal development of skull and brain in a mouse model of growth restriction

Autores/as

  • Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
  • Paula N. Gonzalez
  • Benedikt Hallgrímsson

Resumen

Los patrones de covariación entre rasgos fenotípicos resultan de la acción de diversos procesos que se solapan durante el desarrollo. Los estudios experimentales constituyen la aproximación más adecuada para evaluar el efecto de procesos específicos en la generación de tales patrones. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las interacciones entre rasgos morfológicos craneofaciales y cerebrales durante la vida prenatal tardía (18,5 días posconcepción) en ratones expuestos a desnutrición proteica materna. Se obtuvieron imágenes del cráneo y cerebro a partir de microtomografía computada y se digitalizaron landmarks en 3D para cuantificar la forma y tamaño con técnicas de morfometría geométrica. Los resultados subrayan un efecto sistémico de la restricción proteica en el tamaño del cráneo y el cerebro. La forma del cráneo es parcialmente explicable por el tamaño cerebral y los patrones de variación en forma fueron sólo en parte coincidentes con los reportados antes para otras edades, lo cual sugiere que las trayectorias alométricas a lo largo de la vida pre- y posnatal cambian su dirección. Los rasgos de forma del neurocráneo y el esqueleto facial covariaron fuertemente, aunque se encontró una asociación débil entre la forma del cráneo y del cerebro. Estos resultados concuerdan con estudios previos en ratones mutantes y revelan la relevancia de analizar la variación fenotípica en distintas etapas. El presente estudio contribuye al conocimiento básico de las interacciones epigenéticas entre tejidos en crecimiento y tiene implicancias en el campo paleoantropológico en el que las inferencias acerca de la morfología cerebral son usualmente derivadas del análisis del cráneo.

Palabras clave: restricción proteica materna; integración fenotípica; módulos craneanos; micro-TC

Patterns of covariation result from the overlapping effect of several developmental processes. By perturbing certain specific developmental processes, experimental studies contribute to a better understanding of their particular effects on the generation of phenotype. The aim of this work was to analyze the interactions among morphological traits of the skull and the brain during late prenatal life (18.5 days postconception) in mice exposed to maternal protein undernutrition. Images from the skull and brain were obtained through micro-computed tomography and 3D landmark coordinates were digitized in order to quantify shape and size of both structures with geometric morphometric techniques. The results highlight a systemic effect of protein restriction on the size of the skull and the brain, which were both significantly reduced in the undernourished group compared to control group. Skull shape is partially explained by brain size, and patterns of shape variation were only partially coincident with previous reports for other ontogenetic stages, suggesting that allometric trajectories across pre- and postnatal ages change their directions. Within the skull, neurocranial and facial shape traits covaried strongly, while subtle covariation was found between the shape of the skull and the brain. These findings are in line with former studies in mutant mice and reveal the importance of carrying out analyses of phenotypic variation in a broad range of developmental stages. The present study contributes to the basic understanding of epigenetic relations among growing tissues and has direct implications for the field of paleoanthropology, where inferences about brain morphology are usually derived from skull remains.

Keywords: maternal protein restriction; phenotypic integration; cranial modules; micro-CT

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14.03.2016

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Barbeito-Andrés, J., Gonzalez, P. N., & Hallgrímsson, B. (2016). Desarrollo prenatal del cráneo y el cerebro en un modelo de restricción del crecimiento en ratones / Prenatal development of skull and brain in a mouse model of growth restriction. Revista Argentina De Antropología Biológica, 18(1). Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/2225

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